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JEE Advanced 2017 Paper 2 · Chemistry · Biomolecules and Polymers · hard

Nylon-6,6 is made by step-growth polymerisation of hexane-1,6-diamine and hexanedioic acid, except that the diamine is used in a 2.0% molar excess…

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Nylon-6,6 is made by step-growth polymerisation of hexane-1,6-diamine and hexanedioic acid, except that the diamine is used in a 2.0%2.0\% molar excess (so the ratio of the deficient to the excess functional groups is r=1/1.02r=1/1.02). When the conversion of the deficient functional group is p=0.99p=0.99, the Carothers equation for non-stoichiometric feed, X‾n=1+r1+r−2rp\overline{X}_n=\dfrac{1+r}{1+r-2rp}, applies, where X‾n\overline{X}_n is the number-average number of monomer residues per chain. The repeating unit [−NH(CH2)6NH−CO(CH2)4CO−]\mathrm{[-NH(CH_2)_6NH-CO(CH_2)_4CO-]} has molar mass 226.3 g mol−1226.3\ \mathrm{g\,mol^{-1}}. Neglecting end-group masses, the number-average molar mass of the polymer is closest to
  1. A. 1.1×104 g mol−11.1\times10^{4}\ \mathrm{g\,mol^{-1}}
  2. B. 2.8×103 g mol−12.8\times10^{3}\ \mathrm{g\,mol^{-1}}
  3. C. 1.1×103 g mol−11.1\times10^{3}\ \mathrm{g\,mol^{-1}}
  4. D. 5.7×103 g mol−15.7\times10^{3}\ \mathrm{g\,mol^{-1}}
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Answer: (D) 5.7×103 g mol−15.7\times10^{3}\ \mathrm{g\,mol^{-1}}

With r=1/1.02=0.98039r=1/1.02=0.98039 and p=0.99p=0.99, X‾n=1+r1+r−2rp=1.980391.98039−1.94118=50.5\overline{X}_n=\dfrac{1+r}{1+r-2rp}=\dfrac{1.98039}{1.98039-1.94118}=50.5 monomer residues per chain. Each residue (diamine or diacid) averages half of the repeating-unit mass, i.e. 226.3/2=113.2 g mol−1226.3/2=113.2\ \mathrm{g\,mol^{-1}}. Therefore M‾n=50.5×113.2≈5.7×103 g mol−1\overline{M}_n=50.5\times113.2\approx5.7\times10^3\ \mathrm{g\,mol^{-1}}. If the feed were perfectly stoichiometric (r=1r=1) the equation reduces to X‾n=1/(1−p)=100\overline{X}_n=1/(1-p)=100 and M‾n≈1.1×104\overline{M}_n\approx1.1\times10^4, which is the trap. The slight excess of one monomer limits the chain length, because eventually both chain ends carry the same excess functional group and cannot react further. Hence the stoichiometric imbalance, not just the conversion, controls the degree of polymerisation, and the answer corresponds to chains of roughly fifty residues, i.e. about twenty-five repeating units each.
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