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Class 9 Science Notes — NCERT Exploration (2026-27)

Exploration is the new NCERT Science book for Class 9 from the 2026-27 session. It replaces the old 'Science: Textbook for Class IX' and mixes biology, chemistry, physics and Earth science in 13 chapters. It asks you to measure, reason from evidence and explain — so these notes focus on the 'why' behind every idea, with numericals solved step by step.

All chapters

  1. 1Exploration: Entering the World of Secondary ScienceWhat changes in secondary science · Observation and inference · Asking questions and testing them fairly · Measurement, units and uncertainty · Models and their limits5 concepts
  2. 2Cell: The Building Block of LifeDiscovery of the cell and cell theory · Kinds of cells · Cell membrane and cell wall · Nucleus and cytoplasm · Cell organelles · Diffusion and osmosis6 concepts
  3. 3Tissues in ActionCells to tissues to organs · Meristematic tissue · Simple permanent tissues · Complex tissues: xylem and phloem · Epithelial and connective tissue · Muscular and nervous tissue6 concepts
  4. 4Describing Motion Around UsReference point, distance and displacement · Speed and velocity · Acceleration · Motion graphs · Equations of motion5 concepts
  5. 5Exploring Mixtures and their SeparationPure substances and mixtures · Solutions and concentration · Suspensions and colloids · Choosing a separation method · Distillation, separating funnel and chromatography · Multi-step separation6 concepts
  6. 6How Forces Affect MotionForce and balanced forces · Inertia and the first law · Momentum and the second law · The third law · Conservation of momentum5 concepts
  7. 7Work, Energy, and Simple MachinesWork in science · Power · Kinetic and potential energy · Conservation of energy · Simple machines and mechanical advantage · Efficiency6 concepts
  8. 8Journey Inside the AtomSubatomic particles · Thomson's model · Rutherford's nuclear model · Bohr's shells and electron arrangement · Atomic number, mass number, isotopes and isobars5 concepts
  9. 9Atomic Foundations of MatterLaws of chemical combination · Atoms, molecules and atomicity · Ions and how atoms bond · Valency and chemical formulae · Atomic and molecular mass5 concepts
  10. 10Sound Waves: Characteristics and ApplicationsHow sound is produced and travels · Describing a wave · Pitch, loudness and quality · Reflection: echo and reverberation · Range of hearing and ultrasound · How we hear6 concepts
  11. 11Reproduction: How Life ContinuesWhy organisms reproduce · Asexual reproduction · Flowers and pollination · Fertilisation, seeds and fruits · Human reproduction and health5 concepts
  12. 12Patterns in Life: Diversity and ClassificationWhy and how we classify · Hierarchy and scientific names · The five kingdoms · Patterns among plants · Patterns among animals · Classification, evolution and biodiversity6 concepts
  13. 13Earth as a System: Energy, Matter, and LifeEarth's interacting spheres · Sunlight, the greenhouse effect and albedo · Uneven heating and winds · The water cycle · Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen cycles · Human impact and climate change6 concepts

How to use these notes

  1. Read the textbook section first. Then open the matching concept here — each one has a plain explanation, the key points in a box, and worked examples.
  2. Cover the solution and try each worked example yourself. Check your steps against ours, not just the final answer.
  3. Read the “Common mistakes” box before a test. Most lost marks come from the same few slips.
  4. Do the important questions in order: Basic → Medium → Advanced. Write the answer before you open it.
  5. Finish with the 5-question quiz. If you score less than 4, revisit the concepts you missed. Use “Read aloud” to revise on the go.

Syllabus and official sources

CBSE's 2026-27 Class IX Science (code 086) curriculum has four theory units — World of Living, Matter: Its Nature and Behaviour, Motion, Force, Work and Sound, and Earth as a System — for 80 marks, plus 20 marks of internal assessment. Check your school's term plan for which chapters are tested when.

Reference books

  • Exploration, Class 9 — NCERT — Your main textbook — do every activity and end-of-chapter question.
  • Science for Class 9 (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) — Lakhmir Singh & Manjit Kaur (S. Chand) — Extra numericals and short answers; chapter order follows the old syllabus, so match by topic.
  • S. Chand's Science for Class 9 — S. Chand — Useful extra reading and practice; match by topic.
  • Exemplar Problems in Science, Class IX — NCERT — Concept-testing MCQs and short answers (written for the old book).

PrepRung writes these notes in its own words. NCERT and CBSE are not affiliated with PrepRung. Check your school's term plan for the chapters in each exam.