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JEE Advanced 2016 Paper 1 · Chemistry · Chemical Kinetics · hard

A substance A decomposes by two parallel first-order paths, AtoB (k1, Ea1=90 kJ mol^-1) and AtoC (k2, Ea2=150 kJ mol^-1). At 400 K, k1=3.0×10^-3 s^-1…

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A substance A\mathrm{A} decomposes by two parallel first-order paths, A→B\mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{B} (k1k_1, Ea1=90 kJ mol−1E_{a1}=90\ \mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}}) and A→C\mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{C} (k2k_2, Ea2=150 kJ mol−1E_{a2}=150\ \mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}}). At 400 K400\ \mathrm{K}, k1=3.0×10−3 s−1k_1=3.0\times10^{-3}\ \mathrm{s^{-1}} and k2=1.0×10−3 s−1k_2=1.0\times10^{-3}\ \mathrm{s^{-1}}. The apparent activation energy for the disappearance of A\mathrm{A} at this temperature and the half-life of A\mathrm{A} are (ln⁡2=0.693\ln2=0.693)
  1. A. 120 kJ mol−1120\ \mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}}, 231 s231\ \mathrm{s}
  2. B. 120 kJ mol−1120\ \mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}}, 173 s173\ \mathrm{s}
  3. C. 105 kJ mol−1105\ \mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}}, 231 s231\ \mathrm{s}
  4. D. 105 kJ mol−1105\ \mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}}, 173 s173\ \mathrm{s}
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Answer: (D) 105 kJ mol−1105\ \mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}}, 173 s173\ \mathrm{s}

For parallel first-order paths the overall rate constant is k=k1+k2=4.0×10−3 s−1k=k_1+k_2=4.0\times10^{-3}\ \mathrm{s^{-1}}. Differentiating ln⁡k\ln k with respect to TT and using dln⁡kidT=EaiRT2\dfrac{d\ln k_i}{dT}=\dfrac{E_{ai}}{RT^2} gives Ea,app=k1Ea1+k2Ea2k1+k2E_{a,\mathrm{app}}=\dfrac{k_1E_{a1}+k_2E_{a2}}{k_1+k_2}, i.e. a rate-weighted average, not the simple mean. Numerically Ea,app=3(90)+1(150)4=105 kJ mol−1E_{a,\mathrm{app}}=\dfrac{3(90)+1(150)}{4}=105\ \mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}} (the arithmetic mean 120120 is the trap). The half-life uses the total constant, t1/2=0.6934.0×10−3=173 st_{1/2}=\dfrac{0.693}{4.0\times10^{-3}}=173\ \mathrm{s}; using only k1k_1 gives 231 s231\ \mathrm{s}. Hence 105 kJ mol−1105\ \mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}} and 173 s173\ \mathrm{s}. As a check, the fraction of A\mathrm{A} going to C\mathrm{C} is k2/k=25%k_2/k=25\%, and this ratio is independent of time because both paths are first order in the same species.
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