A substance
A decomposes by two parallel first-order paths,
A→B (
k1,
Ea1=90 kJmol−1) and
A→C (
k2,
Ea2=150 kJmol−1). At
400 K,
k1=3.0×10−3 s−1 and
k2=1.0×10−3 s−1. The apparent activation energy for the disappearance of
A at this temperature and the half-life of
A are (
ln2=0.693)
Show answer and solution
Answer: (D) 105 kJmol−1, 173 s
For parallel first-order paths the overall rate constant is
k=k1+k2=4.0×10−3 s−1. Differentiating
lnk with respect to
T and using
dTdlnki=RT2Eai gives
Ea,app=k1+k2k1Ea1+k2Ea2, i.e. a rate-weighted average, not the simple mean. Numerically
Ea,app=43(90)+1(150)=105 kJmol−1 (the arithmetic mean
120 is the trap). The half-life uses the total constant,
t1/2=4.0×10−30.693=173 s; using only
k1 gives
231 s. Hence
105 kJmol−1 and
173 s. As a check, the fraction of
A going to
C is
k2/k=25%, and this ratio is independent of time because both paths are first order in the same species.