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JEE Advanced 2018 Paper 2 · Chemistry · Electrochemistry · medium

A galvanic cell is built from a zinc electrode in 1.0 M Zn^2+ and a copper electrode dipping in a solution prepared from 0.010 M Cu^2+ with…

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A galvanic cell is built from a zinc electrode in 1.0 M1.0\ \mathrm{M} Zn2+\mathrm{Zn^{2+}} and a copper electrode dipping in a solution prepared from 0.010 M0.010\ \mathrm{M} Cu2+\mathrm{Cu^{2+}} with sufficient ammonia that the free NH3\mathrm{NH_3} concentration is 1.0 M1.0\ \mathrm{M} at equilibrium. For Cu2++4NH3⇌[Cu(NH3)4]2+\mathrm{Cu^{2+}+4NH_3\rightleftharpoons[Cu(NH_3)_4]^{2+}}, Kf=1.0×1013K_f=1.0\times10^{13}; take E∘(Zn2+/Zn)=−0.76 VE^\circ(\mathrm{Zn^{2+}/Zn})=-0.76\ \mathrm{V}, E∘(Cu2+/Cu)=+0.34 VE^\circ(\mathrm{Cu^{2+}/Cu})=+0.34\ \mathrm{V} and 2.303RTF=0.0592 V\dfrac{2.303RT}{F}=0.0592\ \mathrm{V} at 298 K298\ \mathrm{K}. Essentially all copper is present as the complex. The EMF of the cell, in volts, is ______. Give the answer correct to two decimal places.
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Answer: 0.66

The cell reaction is Zn+Cu2+→Zn2++Cu\mathrm{Zn+Cu^{2+}\rightarrow Zn^{2+}+Cu} with Ecell∘=0.34−(−0.76)=1.10 VE^\circ_{cell}=0.34-(-0.76)=1.10\ \mathrm{V} and n=2n=2. Because NH3\mathrm{NH_3} binds copper strongly, free Cu2+\mathrm{Cu^{2+}} must be found from the complex equilibrium: [Cu2+]=[Cu(NH3)42+]Kf[NH3]4=0.0101013×14=1.0×10−15 M[\mathrm{Cu^{2+}}]=\dfrac{[\mathrm{Cu(NH_3)_4^{2+}}]}{K_f[\mathrm{NH_3}]^4}=\dfrac{0.010}{10^{13}\times1^4}=1.0\times10^{-15}\ \mathrm{M}. The Nernst equation gives E=E∘−0.05922log⁡[Zn2+][Cu2+]=1.10−0.0296log⁡1.010−15=1.10−0.0296×15=1.10−0.444=0.656 VE=E^\circ-\dfrac{0.0592}{2}\log\dfrac{[\mathrm{Zn^{2+}}]}{[\mathrm{Cu^{2+}}]}=1.10-0.0296\log\dfrac{1.0}{10^{-15}}=1.10-0.0296\times15=1.10-0.444=0.656\ \mathrm{V}. Hence E≈0.66 VE\approx0.66\ \mathrm{V}. Complexation of the oxidant lowers its electrode potential by 0.444 V, which is why the cell voltage drops from 1.10 V. The calculation assumes that essentially all copper is present as the tetraammine complex, so its concentration is taken as 0.010 M.
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