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JEE Advanced 2017 Paper 1 · Mathematics · Sequences and Series · medium

Let S=Σn=1^∞(3n^2+8n+2)/((n+2)!). Find the value of S.

Numerical answer

Let S=∑n=1∞3n2+8n+2(n+2)!S=\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{3n^{2}+8n+2}{(n+2)!}. Find the value of SS.
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Answer: 4

Write the numerator in terms of factorial-friendly pieces: 3n2+8n+2=3(n+2)(n+1)−(n+2)−23n^2+8n+2=3(n+2)(n+1)-(n+2)-2. Check: 3(n2+3n+2)−n−2−2=3n2+8n+23(n^2+3n+2)-n-2-2=3n^2+8n+2. Dividing by (n+2)!(n+2)!, the term equals 3n!−1(n+1)!−2(n+2)!\frac{3}{n!}-\frac{1}{(n+1)!}-\frac{2}{(n+2)!}. Now ∑n≥11n!=e−1\sum_{n\ge1}\frac1{n!}=e-1, ∑n≥11(n+1)!=e−2\sum_{n\ge1}\frac1{(n+1)!}=e-2 and ∑n≥11(n+2)!=e−52\sum_{n\ge1}\frac1{(n+2)!}=e-\frac52. Hence S=3(e−1)−(e−2)−2(e−52)=(3−1−2)e+(−3+2+5)=4S=3(e-1)-(e-2)-2\left(e-\frac52\right)=(3-1-2)e+(-3+2+5)=4. The coefficient of ee vanishes, so SS is an integer, and a direct symbolic summation gives the same value 44. So the series telescopes into exponential sums whose irrational parts cancel exactly, leaving the integer S=4S=4 as the final numerical answer to the question. The decomposition works because (n+2)!=(n+2)(n+1) n!(n+2)!=(n+2)(n+1)\,n!, so each piece reduces to a shifted factorial term, and the tail sums are standard values of the exponential series.
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