JEE Advanced 2017 Paper 1 · Mathematics · Sequences and Series · medium
Let S=Σn=1^∞(3n^2+8n+2)/((n+2)!). Find the value of S.
Numerical answer
Let S=n=1∑∞(n+2)!3n2+8n+2. Find the value of S.
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Answer:4
Write the numerator in terms of factorial-friendly pieces: 3n2+8n+2=3(n+2)(n+1)−(n+2)−2. Check: 3(n2+3n+2)−n−2−2=3n2+8n+2. Dividing by (n+2)!, the term equals n!3−(n+1)!1−(n+2)!2. Now ∑n≥1n!1=e−1, ∑n≥1(n+1)!1=e−2 and ∑n≥1(n+2)!1=e−25. Hence S=3(e−1)−(e−2)−2(e−25)=(3−1−2)e+(−3+2+5)=4. The coefficient of e vanishes, so S is an integer, and a direct symbolic summation gives the same value 4. So the series telescopes into exponential sums whose irrational parts cancel exactly, leaving the integer S=4 as the final numerical answer to the question. The decomposition works because (n+2)!=(n+2)(n+1)n!, so each piece reduces to a shifted factorial term, and the tail sums are standard values of the exponential series.