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JEE Advanced 2020 Paper 2 · Mathematics · Trigonometry and Inverse Trigonometric Functions · hard

For a positive integer N let SN=Σn=1^Ntan ^-1 ((2)/(n^2) and let S=lim N→∞SN.

One or more options correct

For a positive integer NN let SN=∑n=1Ntan⁡−1 ⁣(2n2)S_N=\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{N}\tan^{-1}\!\left(\frac{2}{n^{2}}\right) and let S=lim⁡N→∞SNS=\lim_{N\to\infty}S_N. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
  1. A. S2=π2S_2=\dfrac{\pi}{2}
  2. B. tan⁡S3=−92\tan S_3=-\dfrac92
  3. C. S=3π4S=\dfrac{3\pi}{4}
  4. D. S>πS>\pi
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Answer: A, B, C

Note tan⁡−12n2=tan⁡−1(n+1)−tan⁡−1(n−1)\tan^{-1}\frac{2}{n^2}=\tan^{-1}(n+1)-\tan^{-1}(n-1) because (n+1)−(n−1)1+(n+1)(n−1)=2n2\frac{(n+1)-(n-1)}{1+(n+1)(n-1)}=\frac{2}{n^2} (the principal-value difference stays in (0,π/2)(0,\pi/2)). The sum telescopes: SN=tan⁡−1(N+1)+tan⁡−1N−tan⁡−11−tan⁡−10S_N=\tan^{-1}(N+1)+\tan^{-1}N-\tan^{-1}1-\tan^{-1}0. For N=2N=2, S2=tan⁡−13+tan⁡−12−π4S_2=\tan^{-1}3+\tan^{-1}2-\frac\pi4, and tan⁡−12+tan⁡−13=3π4\tan^{-1}2+\tan^{-1}3=\frac{3\pi}{4} (the sum has tangent −1-1 and lies in (π2,π)(\frac\pi2,\pi)), so S2=π2S_2=\frac\pi2 and (A) is true. For N=3N=3, S3=tan⁡−14+tan⁡−13−π4S_3=\tan^{-1}4+\tan^{-1}3-\frac\pi4 lies between π2\frac\pi2 and π\pi and tan⁡S3=−92\tan S_3=-\frac92: (B) true. As N→∞N\to\infty, S=π2+π2−π4=3π4S=\frac\pi2+\frac\pi2-\frac\pi4=\frac{3\pi}{4}: (C) true. Since the terms are positive, SNS_N increases to 3π4<π\frac{3\pi}4<\pi, so SS cannot exceed π\pi: (D) false. So the correct options are A, B and C only, each following from the telescoped closed form of the partial sums.
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