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JEE Advanced 2017 Paper 1 · Chemistry · Chemical Equilibrium · medium

At 330 K and a total pressure of 1.00 atm, an equilibrium mixture of N2O4(g)rightleftharpoons 2NO2(g) has an average molar mass of 69.0 g mol^-1…

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At 330 K330\ \mathrm{K} and a total pressure of 1.00 atm1.00\ \mathrm{atm}, an equilibrium mixture of N2O4(g)⇌2NO2(g)\mathrm{N_2O_4(g)\rightleftharpoons 2NO_2(g)} has an average molar mass of 69.0 g mol−169.0\ \mathrm{g\,mol^{-1}} (molar mass of N2O4=92 g mol−1\mathrm{N_2O_4}=92\ \mathrm{g\,mol^{-1}}). The total pressure, in atm, at which the degree of dissociation at the same temperature becomes 0.2000.200 is ____ .
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Answer: 3

For one mole of N2O4\mathrm{N_2O_4} dissociating to a degree α\alpha, the moles at equilibrium are (1−α)+2α=1+α(1-\alpha)+2\alpha=1+\alpha, so the average molar mass is M=92/(1+α)M=92/(1+\alpha). Setting 92/(1+α)=69.092/(1+\alpha)=69.0 gives 1+α=1.3331+\alpha=1.333 and α=1/3\alpha=1/3. The equilibrium constant is Kp=pNO22pN2O4=4α2P1−α2K_p=\dfrac{p_{\mathrm{NO_2}}^2}{p_{\mathrm{N_2O_4}}}=\dfrac{4\alpha^2P}{1-\alpha^2}, which for P=1.00P=1.00 atm and α=1/3\alpha=1/3 is Kp=4/98/9=0.500K_p=\dfrac{4/9}{8/9}=0.500 atm. Since KpK_p depends only on temperature, for α=0.200\alpha=0.200 we need P=Kp(1−α2)4α2=0.500×0.960.16=3.00P=\dfrac{K_p(1-\alpha^2)}{4\alpha^2}=\dfrac{0.500\times0.96}{0.16}=3.00 atm. As expected from Le Chatelier's principle, a higher pressure suppresses dissociation, from α=0.333\alpha=0.333 to 0.2000.200. The route is therefore: use the molar mass to find the degree of dissociation, convert it to KpK_p at the given pressure, and then reuse KpK_p at the new pressure, because the equilibrium constant is fixed at constant temperature. The answer is 33.
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