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JEE Advanced 2019 Paper 2 · Chemistry · Chemical Kinetics · medium

The gas-phase reaction A(g)→2B(g)+C(g) is first order in A. Starting with pure A at 200 mm Hg in a rigid vessel at constant temperature, the total…

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The gas-phase reaction A(g)→2B(g)+C(g)\mathrm{A(g)\to2B(g)+C(g)} is first order in A. Starting with pure A at 200 mm Hg200\ \mathrm{mm\,Hg} in a rigid vessel at constant temperature, the total pressure is 350 mm Hg350\ \mathrm{mm\,Hg} after 2020 minutes. The time (in minutes) at which the total pressure reaches 400 mm Hg400\ \mathrm{mm\,Hg} is ____. Give the answer correct to two decimal places.
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Answer: 29.50

If xx is the pressure of A that has reacted, then PA=200−xP_A=200-x, PB=2xP_B=2x, PC=xP_C=x and the total pressure is Pt=200+2xP_t=200+2x. At 2020 min, 350=200+2x350=200+2x gives x=75x=75, so PA=125 mm HgP_A=125\ \mathrm{mm\,Hg}. The first-order rate constant follows from k=1tln⁡P0PA=120ln⁡200125=0.02350 min−1k=\frac1t\ln\frac{P_0}{P_A}=\frac1{20}\ln\frac{200}{125}=0.02350\ \mathrm{min^{-1}}. At Pt=400P_t=400, x=100x=100 and PA=100P_A=100, which is exactly half of the initial pressure, so the time is the half-life t1/2=ln⁡2/k=0.6931/0.02350=29.50t_{1/2}=\ln2/k=0.6931/0.02350=29.50 minutes. A check: the first 2020 minutes reduced A from 200200 to 125125, a factor 1.61.6, and a factor of 22 needs a little longer, consistent with 29.529.5 min. Answer: 29.5029.50.
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