PrepRung

JEE Advanced 2019 Paper 1 · Chemistry · Chemical Thermodynamics · hard

For the gas-phase reaction N2O4(g)rightleftharpoons2NO2(g), take Δ H^°=57.2 kJ mol^-1 and Δ S^°=176 J K^-1mol^-1, both independent of temperature…

Numerical answer

For the gas-phase reaction N2O4(g)⇌2NO2(g)\mathrm{N_2O_4(g)\rightleftharpoons2NO_2(g)}, take ΔH∘=57.2 kJ mol−1\Delta H^\circ=57.2\ \mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}} and ΔS∘=176 J K−1mol−1\Delta S^\circ=176\ \mathrm{J\,K^{-1}mol^{-1}}, both independent of temperature, R=8.314 J K−1mol−1R=8.314\ \mathrm{J\,K^{-1}mol^{-1}} and standard pressure 1 bar1\ \mathrm{bar}. Pure N2O4\mathrm{N_2O_4} is allowed to reach equilibrium at 298 K298\ \mathrm{K} and a constant total pressure of 0.50 bar0.50\ \mathrm{bar}. The degree of dissociation of N2O4\mathrm{N_2O_4} is ____ . (Give the answer correct to two decimal places.)
Show answer and solution

Answer: 0.26

First get the equilibrium constant from thermodynamics: ΔG∘=ΔH∘−TΔS∘=57200−298×176=4752 J mol−1\Delta G^\circ=\Delta H^\circ-T\Delta S^\circ=57200-298\times176=4752\ \mathrm{J\,mol^{-1}}. Then Kp=exp⁡(−ΔG∘/RT)=exp⁡(−4752/(8.314×298))=exp⁡(−1.918)=0.1469K_p=\exp(-\Delta G^\circ/RT)=\exp(-4752/(8.314\times298))=\exp(-1.918)=0.1469. For α\alpha moles dissociating per mole of N2O4\mathrm{N_2O_4} the mixture has 1−α1-\alpha of N2O4\mathrm{N_2O_4} and 2α2\alpha of NO2\mathrm{NO_2}, total 1+α1+\alpha. Therefore Kp=(2αP/(1+α))2(1−α)P/(1+α)=4α2P1−α2K_p=\dfrac{(2\alpha P/(1+\alpha))^2}{(1-\alpha)P/(1+\alpha)}=\dfrac{4\alpha^2P}{1-\alpha^2}. Solving, α2=Kp/(Kp+4P)=0.1469/(0.1469+2.00)=0.0684\alpha^2=K_p/(K_p+4P)=0.1469/(0.1469+2.00)=0.0684, so α=0.2616≈0.26\alpha=0.2616\approx0.26. At 1 bar the same equation would give 0.19, showing Le Chatelier's effect: lower pressure favours the side with more moles of gas. Note that KpK_p here is dimensionless because pressures are divided by the 1 bar standard state, and the endothermic sign of ΔH∘\Delta H^\circ means KpK_p would rise on heating. The sanity check α<1\alpha<1 and α2<1\alpha^2<1 holds.
Report a mistake

Original question written in the JEE Advanced 2019 Paper 1 pattern and checked twice for the correct answer. Not an official question paper. How we write and check questions · Corrections policy · Report a mistake