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JEE Advanced 2017 Paper 1 · Physics · Current Electricity · easy

A battery of emf 18 V and negligible internal resistance is connected across two parallel branches. Branch 1 consists of 6 Ω followed by 3 Ω in…

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A battery of emf 18 V18\ \mathrm{V} and negligible internal resistance is connected across two parallel branches. Branch 1 consists of 6 Ω6\ \Omega followed by 3 Ω3\ \Omega in series; branch 2 consists of 2 Ω2\ \Omega followed by 4 Ω4\ \Omega in series (in each branch the first resistor is connected to the positive terminal). A capacitor of capacitance 1.5 μF1.5\ \mu\mathrm{F} is connected between the junction of the two resistors in branch 1 and the junction of the two resistors in branch 2. Find the charge on the capacitor, in μC\mu\mathrm{C}, in the steady state.
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Answer: 9

In the steady state no current flows through the capacitor, so the two branches are independent. Branch 1 carries I1=186+3=2 AI_1=\dfrac{18}{6+3}=2\ \mathrm{A}. Taking the negative terminal as 0 V0\ \mathrm{V}, the junction between the 6 Ω6\ \Omega and 3 Ω3\ \Omega resistors is at 18−6×2=6 V18-6\times2=6\ \mathrm{V}. Branch 2 carries I2=182+4=3 AI_2=\dfrac{18}{2+4}=3\ \mathrm{A}, so its mid-junction is at 18−2×3=12 V18-2\times3=12\ \mathrm{V}. The capacitor therefore has a potential difference ∣12−6∣=6 V|12-6|=6\ \mathrm{V} across it, and its charge is Q=CV=1.5 μF×6 V=9 μCQ=CV=1.5\ \mu\mathrm{F}\times6\ \mathrm{V}=9\ \mu\mathrm{C}. Remember that the capacitor carries no steady current, so it does not disturb the potentials of the two junctions; the sign of the charge is irrelevant to the magnitude asked, and the plate connected to the higher-potential junction is positive.
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