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JEE Advanced 2021 Paper 1 · Physics · Magnetic Effects of Current · medium

A long straight horizontal wire carries a steady current I1 = 200 A. A rigid rectangular loop of mass 0.60 g lies in the vertical plane containing…

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A long straight horizontal wire carries a steady current I1=200 AI_1 = 200\ \mathrm{A}. A rigid rectangular loop of mass 0.60 g0.60\ \mathrm{g} lies in the vertical plane containing the wire, directly above it. Its two horizontal sides, each of length 0.50 m0.50\ \mathrm{m}, are parallel to the wire, the lower one at 2.0 cm2.0\ \mathrm{cm} and the upper one at 8.0 cm8.0\ \mathrm{cm} above the wire. Take μ0=4π×10−7 T m A−1\mu_0 = 4\pi\times10^{-7}\ \mathrm{T\,m\,A^{-1}} and g=10 m s−2g = 10\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}. The current I2I_2 in the loop (in a suitable sense) that makes the loop float in equilibrium is
  1. A. 4.8 A4.8\ \mathrm{A}
  2. B. 6.0 A6.0\ \mathrm{A}
  3. C. 8.0 A8.0\ \mathrm{A}
  4. D. 9.0 A9.0\ \mathrm{A}
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Answer: (C) 8.0 A8.0\ \mathrm{A}

For levitation the loop must be repelled by the wire, so the current in the lower horizontal side must be opposite to I1I_1; the current in the upper side is then parallel to I1I_1 and is attracted downward. The forces on the two vertical sides are equal and opposite and cancel. The net upward force is F=μ0I1I2ℓ2π(1d1−1d2)F=\frac{\mu_0 I_1 I_2 \ell}{2\pi}\left(\frac1{d_1}-\frac1{d_2}\right) with ℓ=0.50\ell=0.50 m, d1=0.02d_1=0.02 m, d2=0.08d_2=0.08 m. Here 1d1−1d2=50−12.5=37.5 m−1\frac1{d_1}-\frac1{d_2}=50-12.5=37.5\ \mathrm{m^{-1}}, so F=2×10−7×200×0.5×37.5 I2=7.5×10−4I2F=2\times10^{-7}\times200\times0.5\times37.5\,I_2 = 7.5\times10^{-4}I_2 newton. Setting F=mg=0.6×10−3×10=6×10−3F=mg=0.6\times10^{-3}\times10=6\times10^{-3} N gives I2=8.0I_2=8.0 A. Using only the lower side gives 6.0 A, adding the two contributions gives 4.8 A, and using the loop height instead of d2d_2 gives 9.0 A, all of which are wrong.
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