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JEE Advanced 2016 Paper 2 · Mathematics · Quadratic Equations · medium

Consider the cubic equation x^3-6x^2+9x-k=0, where k is a real constant.

One or more options correct

Consider the cubic equation x3−6x2+9x−k=0x^{3}-6x^{2}+9x-k=0, where kk is a real constant. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
  1. A. For k=5k=5 the equation has three distinct real roots
  2. B. For k=4k=4 the equation has exactly two distinct real roots
  3. C. For k=−1k=-1 the equation has three real roots
  4. D. For k=2k=2 the sum of the squares of the roots is 2020
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Answer: B

Let h(x)=x3−6x2+9xh(x)=x^{3}-6x^{2}+9x. Then h′(x)=3(x−1)(x−3)h'(x)=3(x-1)(x-3), so hh has a local maximum h(1)=4h(1)=4 and a local minimum h(3)=0h(3)=0. The equation h(x)=kh(x)=k has three distinct real roots iff 0<k<40<k<4. (A) False: k=5>4k=5>4 gives one real root. (B) True: k=4k=4 touches the local maximum, so x3−6x2+9x−4=(x−1)2(x−4)x^{3}-6x^{2}+9x-4=(x-1)^{2}(x-4) with distinct real roots 11 and 44. (C) False: k=−1<0k=-1<0 gives only one real root (the other two are complex). (D) False: for any kk, by Vieta ∑xi=6\sum x_i=6 and ∑xixj=9\sum x_ix_j=9, so ∑xi2=36−18=18≠20\sum x_i^{2}=36-18=18\ne20. Hence only (B) is correct.
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