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JEE Advanced 2020 Paper 2 · Chemistry · Qualitative and Practical Chemistry · medium

A 0.85 g sample is a mixture of urea, CO(NH2)2 (molar mass 60 g mol^-1), and glucose. In a Kjeldahl determination all the nitrogen is converted to…

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A 0.85 g0.85\ \mathrm{g} sample is a mixture of urea, CO(NH2)2\mathrm{CO(NH_2)_2} (molar mass 60 g mol−160\ \mathrm{g\,mol^{-1}}), and glucose. In a Kjeldahl determination all the nitrogen is converted to NH3\mathrm{NH_3}, which is passed into 50.0 mL50.0\ \mathrm{mL} of 0.25 M0.25\ \mathrm{M} H2SO4\mathrm{H_2SO_4}. The excess acid requires 18.0 mL18.0\ \mathrm{mL} of 0.50 M0.50\ \mathrm{M} NaOH\mathrm{NaOH} for neutralisation. Taking N=14\mathrm{N}=14, the mass percentage of urea in the sample is ______. (Give the answer correct to two decimal places.)
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Answer: 56.47

The acid taken is 50.0 mL×0.25 M×2=25.050.0\ \mathrm{mL}\times0.25\ \mathrm{M}\times2=25.0 milliequivalents of H+\mathrm{H^+} because sulfuric acid is dibasic. The back-titration consumes 18.0×0.50=9.018.0\times0.50=9.0 milliequivalents of base, so the excess acid is 9.09.0 meq. The ammonia absorbed neutralised 25.0−9.0=16.025.0-9.0=16.0 meq of acid, so n(NH3)=16.0 mmoln(\mathrm{NH_3})=16.0\ \mathrm{mmol}. This equals the nitrogen content: m(N)=16.0×10−3×14=0.224 gm(\mathrm{N})=16.0\times10^{-3}\times14=0.224\ \mathrm{g}. Glucose contains no nitrogen, so all of it comes from urea, which is 2860\dfrac{28}{60} nitrogen by mass. Hence m(urea)=0.224×6028=0.480 gm(\text{urea})=0.224\times\dfrac{60}{28}=0.480\ \mathrm{g}. The percentage is 0.4800.85×100=56.47%\dfrac{0.480}{0.85}\times100=56.47\%. The key points are that the dibasic acid counts two equivalents per mole, that only the ammonia-consuming portion of the acid is relevant after back titration, and that the nitrogen-to-urea conversion factor 60/2860/28 is used because urea carries two nitrogen atoms per molecule.
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