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JEE Advanced 2024 Paper 1 · Mathematics · Straight Lines and Circles · medium

From a point P moving on the line x+y=6, tangents are drawn to the circle x^2+y^2=9. The chord of contact of these tangents always passes through a…

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From a point PP moving on the line x+y=6x+y=6, tangents are drawn to the circle x2+y2=9x^2+y^2=9. The chord of contact of these tangents always passes through a fixed point. The least possible length of the chord of contact is
  1. A. 66
  2. B. 323\sqrt2
  3. C. 333\sqrt3
  4. D. 272\sqrt7
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Answer: (B) 323\sqrt2

Let P=(h,6−h)P=(h,6-h). Its chord of contact with x2+y2=9x^2+y^2=9 is hx+(6−h)y=9hx+(6-h)y=9, i.e. h(x−y)+(6y−9)=0h(x-y)+(6y-9)=0. This holds for every hh only if x=yx=y and 6y=96y=9, so the fixed point is F=(32,32)F=\left(\tfrac32,\tfrac32\right). Every chord of contact is a chord of the circle through FF. For a chord at distance dd from the centre the length is 29−d22\sqrt{9-d^2}, and d≤OFd\le OF because the chord passes through FF. Hence the length is least when dd is greatest, i.e. when the chord is perpendicular to OFOF and d=OF=32d=OF=\tfrac{3}{\sqrt2}. The minimum length is 29−92=292=322\sqrt{9-\tfrac92}=2\sqrt{\tfrac92}=3\sqrt2. This chord is the chord of contact of the point P=(3,3)P=(3,3) on the line (the foot of the perpendicular from OO), so it is attained. Option 66 would be the diameter (the maximum), not the minimum.
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