Numerical answer
Five sentences are given below, numbered 1-5. Four of them, when arranged in order, form a coherent paragraph. One sentence does not fit. Identify the number of the sentence that should be excluded.
1. Octopuses possess a nervous system radically unlike that of vertebrates, with roughly two-thirds of their neurons located not in a central brain but distributed along their eight arms.
2. This distributed arrangement allows each arm to process sensory information and initiate movement with a degree of independence, so that an arm can react to a touch or continue exploring even when temporarily disconnected from central control.
3. Cephalopods, the broader group that includes octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish, are all exclusively marine animals found in oceans worldwide.
4. Researchers studying this system argue it represents an entirely different evolutionary solution to the problem of coordinated intelligent behaviour than the centralised brains found in mammals and birds.
5. Understanding this alternative architecture has consequently become of interest not only to biologists but to engineers designing soft, flexible robots that must operate without relying on a single central processor.
1. Octopuses possess a nervous system radically unlike that of vertebrates, with roughly two-thirds of their neurons located not in a central brain but distributed along their eight arms.
2. This distributed arrangement allows each arm to process sensory information and initiate movement with a degree of independence, so that an arm can react to a touch or continue exploring even when temporarily disconnected from central control.
3. Cephalopods, the broader group that includes octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish, are all exclusively marine animals found in oceans worldwide.
4. Researchers studying this system argue it represents an entirely different evolutionary solution to the problem of coordinated intelligent behaviour than the centralised brains found in mammals and birds.
5. Understanding this alternative architecture has consequently become of interest not only to biologists but to engineers designing soft, flexible robots that must operate without relying on a single central processor.
Show answer and solution
Answer: 3
Sentences 1, 2, 4, and 5 build a single argument about the octopus's distributed nervous system and its implications. Sentence 3 is a general classificatory fact about cephalopods' marine habitat that is unrelated to the paragraph's specific focus on distributed neural architecture, making it the one to exclude.
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