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JEE Advanced 2020 Paper 1 · Mathematics · Differentiation and Application of Derivatives · medium

A point P moves on the parabola y^2=4x and a point Q moves on the circle x^2+y^2-12x+35=0. The least possible value of PQ is ____.

Numerical answer

A point PP moves on the parabola y2=4xy^{2}=4x and a point QQ moves on the circle x2+y2−12x+35=0x^{2}+y^{2}-12x+35=0. The least possible value of PQPQ is ____. Give the answer correct to two decimal places.
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Answer: 3.47

The circle is (x−6)2+y2=1(x-6)^2+y^2=1, with centre C(6,0)C(6,0) and radius 11. The point CC lies at distance more than 11 from the parabola, so the least PQPQ equals min⁡CP−1\min CP-1, since the minimising line passes through the centre. For P(t2,2t)P(t^2,2t): CP2=(t2−6)2+4t2=t4−8t2+36CP^2=(t^2-6)^2+4t^2=t^4-8t^2+36. With u=t2≥0u=t^2\ge0, u2−8u+36u^2-8u+36 is minimised at u=4u=4, giving 16−32+36=2016-32+36=20. So min⁡CP=20=25≈4.472\min CP=\sqrt{20}=2\sqrt5\approx4.472. The required least distance is 25−1≈3.472\sqrt5-1\approx3.47. A numerical minimisation over the parabola agrees. A frequent mistake is to forget the radius subtraction and answer 4.474.47.
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