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JEE Advanced 2019 Paper 2 · Mathematics · Complex Numbers · hard

Let S be the set of complex numbers z satisfying arg ((z+1)/(z-1))=(π)/(2).

One or more options correct

Let SS be the set of complex numbers zz satisfying arg⁡ ⁣(z+1z−1)=π2\arg\!\left(\dfrac{z+1}{z-1}\right)=\dfrac{\pi}{2}. Which of the following statements is (are) correct?
  1. A. −i∈S-i\in S
  2. B. min⁡{∣z−2i∣:z∈S}=5\min\{|z-2i|: z\in S\}=\sqrt5, and this minimum is attained at a point of SS.
  3. C. max⁡{∣z−2i∣:z∈S}=3\max\{|z-2i|: z\in S\}=3
  4. D. ∣z−1∣2+∣z+1∣2=4|z-1|^2+|z+1|^2=4 for every z∈Sz\in S.
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Answer: A, C, D

Put z=x+iyz=x+iy. Then z+1z−1=(z+1)(zˉ−1)∣z−1∣2=∣z∣2−1−2iy∣z−1∣2\frac{z+1}{z-1}=\frac{(z+1)(\bar z-1)}{|z-1|^2}=\frac{|z|^2-1-2iy}{|z-1|^2}. This is a positive multiple of ii exactly when ∣z∣=1|z|=1 and y<0y<0, so SS is the open lower unit semicircle (endpoints ±1\pm1 excluded). (A) For z=−iz=-i: 1−i−1−i=i\frac{1-i}{-1-i}=i, so −i∈S-i\in S: correct. (B) For z=eiθz=e^{i\theta} with sin⁡θ∈(−1,0)\sin\theta\in(-1,0), ∣z−2i∣2=5−4sin⁡θ∈(5,9)|z-2i|^2=5-4\sin\theta\in(5,9); the value 5\sqrt5 would need sin⁡θ=0\sin\theta=0, i.e. an excluded endpoint, so it is not attained: incorrect. (C) The supremum 33 occurs at sin⁡θ=−1\sin\theta=-1, i.e. z=−i∈Sz=-i\in S, so the maximum is 33: correct. (D) For ∣z∣=1|z|=1, ∣z−1∣2+∣z+1∣2=2∣z∣2+2=4|z-1|^2+|z+1|^2=2|z|^2+2=4: correct. Answer: A, C and D.
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