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JEE Advanced 2017 Paper 1 · Mathematics · Complex Numbers · medium

Let ω=e^2π i/7.

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Let ω=e2πi/7\omega=e^{2\pi i/7}. Which of the following statements is (are) correct?
  1. A. ∑k=1611−ωk=3\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{6}\frac{1}{1-\omega^{k}}=3
  2. B. ∏k=16(2−ωk)=127\displaystyle\prod_{k=1}^{6}\left(2-\omega^{k}\right)=127
  3. C. ∣1+ω+ω3∣2=3\left|1+\omega+\omega^{3}\right|^{2}=3
  4. D. ∑k=16∣1−ωk∣2=14\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{6}\left|1-\omega^{k}\right|^{2}=14
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Answer: A, B, D

The numbers ωk\omega^k (k=1,…,6k=1,\dots,6) are the roots of P(z)=1+z+⋯+z6P(z)=1+z+\dots+z^6. (A) Pairing kk with 7−k7-k gives 11−ωk+11−ω−k=1\frac1{1-\omega^k}+\frac1{1-\omega^{-k}}=1, so the sum over six terms is 33; correct. (B) ∏(2−ωk)=P(2)=27−1=127\prod(2-\omega^k)=P(2)=2^7-1=127; correct. (C) Expanding ∣1+ω+ω3∣2|1+\omega+\omega^3|^2, the cross terms are ω±1,ω±3,ω±2\omega^{\pm1},\omega^{\pm3},\omega^{\pm2}, so it equals 3+2(cos⁡2π7+cos⁡4π7+cos⁡6π7)=3+2(−12)=23+2(\cos\tfrac{2\pi}7+\cos\tfrac{4\pi}7+\cos\tfrac{6\pi}7)=3+2(-\tfrac12)=2, not 33; incorrect. (D) ∣1−ωk∣2=2−2cos⁡2πk7|1-\omega^k|^2=2-2\cos\tfrac{2\pi k}{7}, so the sum is 12−2(−1)=1412-2(-1)=14; correct. Hence A, B and D. Each of these facts follows from the polynomial identity ∏k=16(z−ωk)=1+z+⋯+z6\prod_{k=1}^{6}(z-\omega^k)=1+z+\dots+z^6 and from ∑k=16ωk=−1\sum_{k=1}^{6}\omega^k=-1.
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