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JEE Advanced 2025 Paper 1 · Chemistry · Electrochemistry · medium

At 298 K, E^°(Ag^+/Ag)=+0.80 V and E^°(AgCl/Ag,Cl^-)=+0.22 V. Take (2.303RT)/(F)=0.059 V. The solubility of AgCl in 0.010 M aqueous NaCl (ignore…

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At 298 K298\ \mathrm{K}, E∘(Ag+/Ag)=+0.80 VE^\circ(\mathrm{Ag^+/Ag})=+0.80\ \mathrm{V} and E∘(AgCl/Ag,Cl−)=+0.22 VE^\circ(\mathrm{AgCl/Ag,Cl^-})=+0.22\ \mathrm{V}. Take 2.303RTF=0.059 V\frac{2.303RT}{F}=0.059\ \mathrm{V}. The solubility of AgCl\mathrm{AgCl} in 0.010 M0.010\ \mathrm{M} aqueous NaCl\mathrm{NaCl} (ignore complex formation and activity effects) is closest to
  1. A. 1.2×10−5 M1.2\times10^{-5}\ \mathrm{M}
  2. B. 1.5×10−10 M1.5\times10^{-10}\ \mathrm{M}
  3. C. 1.5×10−8 M1.5\times10^{-8}\ \mathrm{M}
  4. D. 1.5×10−6 M1.5\times10^{-6}\ \mathrm{M}
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Answer: (C) 1.5×10−8 M1.5\times10^{-8}\ \mathrm{M}

The silver chloride electrode is the Ag+/Ag\mathrm{Ag^+/Ag} couple with [Ag+][\mathrm{Ag^+}] fixed by KspK_{sp}, so E∘(AgCl/Ag)=E∘(Ag+/Ag)+0.059log⁡KspE^\circ(\mathrm{AgCl/Ag})=E^\circ(\mathrm{Ag^+/Ag})+0.059\log K_{sp}. Hence log⁡Ksp=(0.22−0.80)/0.059=−9.83\log K_{sp}=(0.22-0.80)/0.059=-9.83 and Ksp=1.48×10−10K_{sp}=1.48\times10^{-10}. In pure water the solubility would be Ksp=1.2×10−5 M\sqrt{K_{sp}}=1.2\times10^{-5}\ \mathrm{M} (option A, the common-ion-ignoring trap). In 0.010 M0.010\ \mathrm{M} chloride, s(0.010+s)=Ksps(0.010+s)=K_{sp}, and since s≪0.010s\ll0.010, s=Ksp/0.010=1.48×10−8 Ms=K_{sp}/0.010=1.48\times10^{-8}\ \mathrm{M}. Option B is just KspK_{sp} divided by 11, and D results from using 0.00010.0001 for the chloride concentration. The answer is C. As a check, the standard cell Ag∣AgCl∣Cl−∥Ag+∣Ag\mathrm{Ag|AgCl|Cl^-\|Ag^+|Ag} has E∘=0.80−0.22=0.58 VE^\circ=0.80-0.22=0.58\ \mathrm{V} and log⁡K=E∘/0.059\log K=E^\circ/0.059 for the reverse dissolution reaction gives the same KspK_{sp}.
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