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JEE Advanced 2025 Paper 1 · Chemistry · Electrochemistry · medium

A current of 0.965 A is passed for 100 minutes through 500 mL of 0.100 M CuSO4 solution using inert platinum electrodes. Assume the cathodic reaction…

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A current of 0.965 A0.965\ \mathrm{A} is passed for 100100 minutes through 500 mL500\ \mathrm{mL} of 0.100 M0.100\ \mathrm{M} CuSO4\mathrm{CuSO_4} solution using inert platinum electrodes. Assume the cathodic reaction is only the reduction of Cu2+\mathrm{Cu^{2+}}, the anodic reaction is only the oxidation of water, the volume remains 500 mL500\ \mathrm{mL}, and F=96500 C mol−1F=96500\ \mathrm{C\,mol^{-1}}. Find the pH of the solution after electrolysis. Give the answer correct to two decimal places.
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Answer: 0.92

Charge passed Q=0.965×6000=5790 CQ=0.965\times6000=5790\ \mathrm{C}, corresponding to 5790/96500=0.0600 mol5790/96500=0.0600\ \mathrm{mol} of electrons. The cell contains 0.0500 mol0.0500\ \mathrm{mol} of Cu2+\mathrm{Cu^{2+}}, which would need 0.100 mol0.100\ \mathrm{mol} of electrons for complete deposition, so only 0.0300 mol0.0300\ \mathrm{mol} of Cu\mathrm{Cu} is deposited and Cu2+\mathrm{Cu^{2+}} is not exhausted; hence no hydrogen is evolved at the cathode. At the anode 2H2O→O2+4H++4e−2\mathrm{H_2O}\rightarrow\mathrm{O_2}+4\mathrm{H^+}+4e^-, so each mole of electrons liberates one mole of H+\mathrm{H^+}: n(H+)=0.0600 moln(\mathrm{H^+})=0.0600\ \mathrm{mol}. Then [H+]=0.0600/0.500=0.120 M[\mathrm{H^+}]=0.0600/0.500=0.120\ \mathrm{M} and pH=−log⁡0.120=0.92\mathrm{pH}=-\log0.120=0.92. The sulphate ions remain and balance the charge of the Cu2+\mathrm{Cu^{2+}} and H+\mathrm{H^+} present.
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