JEE Advanced 2022 Paper 2 · Physics · Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current · hard
A capacitor C1=4 μ F is charged to 4.5 V and then, at t=0, connected in a single series loop with an uncharged capacitor C2=12 μ F and an ideal…
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A capacitor C1=4μF is charged to 4.5V and then, at t=0, connected in a single series loop with an uncharged capacitor C2=12μF and an ideal inductor L=750mH through a switch. There is no resistance in the loop. The maximum current in the loop (in mA) is ______.
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Answer:9
Let q be the charge that has flowed round the loop. The loop equation is LdtdI=V0−C1q−C2q, so q oscillates about the equilibrium value q0=V0Ceq with Ceq=C1+C2C1C2=3μF, and q starts from 0. The current is maximum when dI/dt=0, i.e. at q=q0. Energy conservation: the initial energy 21C1V02 equals 21LI2+21C1(V0−C1q0)2+21C2q02. Expanding, the capacitor terms add up to 21C1V02−21V02Ceq, so 21LImax2=21V02Ceq. Equivalently Imax=q0ω with ω=1/LCeq. Therefore Imax=V0LCeq=4.50.753×10−6=4.5×2×10−3A=9mA. (A direct numerical integration of the circuit equation confirms this.) As a sanity check, the oscillation of q is simple harmonic about q0=13.5μC with amplitude equal to q0 (it starts from q=0 at rest), angular frequency ω=1/LCeq≈667rads−1, so Imax=q0ω≈9mA, in agreement.