PrepRung

JEE Advanced 2022 Paper 2 · Physics · Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current · hard

A capacitor C1=4 μ F is charged to 4.5 V and then, at t=0, connected in a single series loop with an uncharged capacitor C2=12 μ F and an ideal…

Numerical answer

A capacitor C1=4 μFC_1=4\ \mu\mathrm F is charged to 4.5 V4.5\ \mathrm V and then, at t=0t=0, connected in a single series loop with an uncharged capacitor C2=12 μFC_2=12\ \mu\mathrm F and an ideal inductor L=750 mHL=750\ \mathrm{mH} through a switch. There is no resistance in the loop. The maximum current in the loop (in mA\mathrm{mA}) is ______.
Show answer and solution

Answer: 9

Let qq be the charge that has flowed round the loop. The loop equation is LdIdt=V0−qC1−qC2L\dfrac{dI}{dt}=V_0-\dfrac{q}{C_1}-\dfrac{q}{C_2}, so qq oscillates about the equilibrium value q0=V0Ceqq_0=V_0C_{eq} with Ceq=C1C2C1+C2=3 μFC_{eq}=\dfrac{C_1C_2}{C_1+C_2}=3\ \mu\mathrm F, and qq starts from 00. The current is maximum when dI/dt=0dI/dt=0, i.e. at q=q0q=q_0. Energy conservation: the initial energy 12C1V02\tfrac12C_1V_0^2 equals 12LI2+12C1(V0−q0C1)2+12q02C2\tfrac12LI^2+\tfrac12C_1\left(V_0-\tfrac{q_0}{C_1}\right)^2+\tfrac12\dfrac{q_0^2}{C_2}. Expanding, the capacitor terms add up to 12C1V02−12V02Ceq\tfrac12C_1V_0^2-\tfrac12V_0^2C_{eq}, so 12LImax2=12V02Ceq\tfrac12LI_{max}^2=\tfrac12V_0^2C_{eq}. Equivalently Imax=q0ωI_{max}=q_0\omega with ω=1/LCeq\omega=1/\sqrt{LC_{eq}}. Therefore Imax=V0CeqL=4.53×10−60.75=4.5×2×10−3 A=9 mAI_{max}=V_0\sqrt{\dfrac{C_{eq}}{L}}=4.5\sqrt{\dfrac{3\times10^{-6}}{0.75}}=4.5\times2\times10^{-3}\ \mathrm A=9\ \mathrm{mA}. (A direct numerical integration of the circuit equation confirms this.) As a sanity check, the oscillation of qq is simple harmonic about q0=13.5 μCq_0=13.5\ \mu\mathrm C with amplitude equal to q0q_0 (it starts from q=0q=0 at rest), angular frequency ω=1/LCeq≈667 rad s−1\omega=1/\sqrt{LC_{eq}}\approx667\ \mathrm{rad\,s^{-1}}, so Imax=q0ω≈9 mAI_{max}=q_0\omega\approx9\ \mathrm{mA}, in agreement.
Report a mistake

Original question written in the JEE Advanced 2022 Paper 2 pattern and checked twice for the correct answer. Not an official question paper. How we write and check questions · Corrections policy · Report a mistake