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JEE Advanced 2020 Paper 1 · Physics · Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current · easy

A series circuit has a resistor R=30 Ω, an inductor L=80 mH and a capacitor C=25 muF, driven by a source of rms voltage 100 V and angular frequency…

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A series circuit has a resistor R=30 ΩR=30\ \Omega, an inductor L=80 mHL=80\ \mathrm{mH} and a capacitor C=25 μFC=25\ \mu\mathrm{F}, driven by a source of rms voltage 100 V100\ \mathrm{V} and angular frequency 1000 rad s−11000\ \mathrm{rad\,s^{-1}}. The ratio of the average power dissipated when the source frequency is adjusted to resonance (with the rms voltage unchanged) to the average power dissipated at 1000 rad s−11000\ \mathrm{rad\,s^{-1}} is (give the answer correct to two decimal places)
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Answer: 2.78

At ω=1000 rad s−1\omega=1000\ \mathrm{rad\,s^{-1}}: XL=ωL=80 ΩX_L=\omega L=80\ \Omega and XC=1ωC=11000×25×10−6=40 ΩX_C=\frac1{\omega C}=\frac{1}{1000\times25\times10^{-6}}=40\ \Omega. The impedance is Z=R2+(XL−XC)2=900+1600=50 ΩZ=\sqrt{R^2+(X_L-X_C)^2}=\sqrt{900+1600}=50\ \Omega, so Irms=2I_{rms}=2 A and P=I2R=4×30=120P=I^2R=4\times30=120 W. At resonance XL=XCX_L=X_C, so Z=R=30 ΩZ=R=30\ \Omega, Irms=10030I_{rms}=\frac{100}{30} A and Pres=V2R=10430=333.3P_{res}=\frac{V^2}{R}=\frac{10^4}{30}=333.3 W. The ratio is 333.3120=Z2R2=2500900=2.78\frac{333.3}{120}=\frac{Z^2}{R^2}=\frac{2500}{900}=2.78. The same ratio can be obtained directly as Pres/P=(V2/R)/(I2R)P_{res}/P=(V^2/R)/(I^2R). Resonance at ω0=1/LC≈707 rad s−1\omega_0=1/\sqrt{LC}\approx707\ \mathrm{rad\,s^{-1}} lies below the given frequency, which is reasonable since the circuit is inductive at 1000 rad s−11000\ \mathrm{rad\,s^{-1}} and the reactances do not cancel there, leaving a net reactance of 40 Ω40\ \Omega that limits the current and wastes none of the supply as heat, which is why the dissipated power is smaller than at resonance.
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