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JEE Advanced 2018 Paper 2 · Mathematics · Limits · hard

For real numbers p and q, define f(x)=lim n→∞(x^2n+2+(px+q))/(x^2n+1) for every real x, and suppose f is continuous on mathbb R.

One or more options correct

For real numbers pp and qq, define f(x)=lim⁡n→∞x2n+2+(px+q)x2n+1f(x)=\displaystyle\lim_{n\to\infty}\dfrac{x^{2n+2}+(px+q)}{x^{2n}+1} for every real xx, and suppose ff is continuous on R\mathbb R. Which of the following is (are) correct?
  1. A. p=0p=0 and q=1q=1
  2. B. ff is differentiable at x=1x=1
  3. C. ∫−22f(x) dx=203\displaystyle\int_{-2}^{2}f(x)\,dx=\dfrac{20}{3}
  4. D. ff is differentiable at x=−1x=-1
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Answer: A, C

For ∣x∣<1|x|<1, x2n→0x^{2n}\to0 so f(x)=px+qf(x)=px+q; for ∣x∣>1|x|>1, dividing by x2nx^{2n} gives f(x)=x2f(x)=x^{2}; at x=±1x=\pm1 the expression equals 1+(±p+q)2\frac{1+(\pm p+q)}{2}. Continuity at x=1x=1 requires 1+p+q2=1=p+q\frac{1+p+q}{2}=1=p+q, and at x=−1x=-1 requires −p+q=1-p+q=1. Solving, p=0p=0 and q=1q=1 (A true). So f(x)=1f(x)=1 on (−1,1)(-1,1) and f(x)=x2f(x)=x^{2} for ∣x∣≥1|x|\ge1. At x=1x=1 the left derivative is 00 while the right derivative is 2x=22x=2, so ff is not differentiable at 11 (B false), and by symmetry the same kink appears at −1-1 with slopes 00 and −2-2 (D false). The integral is ∫−111 dx+2∫12x2dx=2+2⋅73=203\int_{-1}^{1}1\,dx+2\int_{1}^{2}x^{2}dx=2+2\cdot\frac73=\frac{20}{3} (C true). Numerical quadrature of the piecewise function reproduces 203\frac{20}{3}. Answer: A, C.
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