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JEE Advanced 2023 Paper 2 · Mathematics · Sets, Relations and Functions · medium

Let f(x)=x^3+x+1 for real x and let g=f^-1 be its inverse function. The value of ∫1^3 g(y) dy is

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Let f(x)=x3+x+1f(x)=x^3+x+1 for real xx and let g=f−1g=f^{-1} be its inverse function. The value of ∫13g(y) dy\displaystyle\int_1^3 g(y)\,dy is
  1. A. 54\dfrac54
  2. B. 32\dfrac32
  3. C. 74\dfrac74
  4. D. 134\dfrac{13}{4}
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Answer: (A) 54\dfrac54

f′(x)=3x2+1>0f'(x)=3x^2+1>0, so ff is strictly increasing and gg exists. Since f(0)=1f(0)=1 and f(1)=3f(1)=3, the region under y↦g(y)y\mapsto g(y) for 1≤y≤31\le y\le3 is reflected to the region between x=0,x=1x=0,x=1 and above the graph of ff in the rectangle. Since gg is the reflection of ff in y=xy=x, the two areas together fill the rectangle [0,1]×[1,3][0,1]\times[1,3] plus the part under y=1y=1: precisely, ∫13g(y)dy+∫01f(x)dx=1⋅3−0⋅1=3\int_1^3 g(y)dy+\int_0^1 f(x)dx=1\cdot3-0\cdot1=3 (integration by parts for inverse functions). Now ∫01(x3+x+1)dx=14+12+1=74\int_0^1(x^3+x+1)dx=\frac14+\frac12+1=\frac74. Hence ∫13g=3−74=54\int_1^3 g=3-\frac74=\frac54. The option 74\frac74 is ∫01f\int_0^1f itself, and 134\frac{13}{4} results from adding instead of subtracting.
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