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JEE Advanced 2023 Paper 1 · Mathematics · Complex Numbers · hard

Let ω=e^2π i/7 and S=ω+ω^2+ω^4.

One or more options correct

Let ω=e2πi/7\omega=e^{2\pi i/7} and S=ω+ω2+ω4S=\omega+\omega^{2}+\omega^{4}. Which of the following is/are correct?
  1. A. Re⁡(S)=−12\operatorname{Re}(S)=-\dfrac12
  2. B. ∣S∣=2|S|=2
  3. C. S2+S+2=0S^{2}+S+2=0
  4. D. S3=1S^{3}=1
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Answer: A, C

Let Sˉ=ω6+ω5+ω3\bar S=\omega^6+\omega^5+\omega^3 be the conjugate. Then S+Sˉ=ω+ω2+⋯+ω6=−1S+\bar S=\omega+\omega^2+\dots+\omega^6=-1. In the product SSˉS\bar S the three diagonal terms give 33, and the six cross terms are ωk\omega^{k} for each k=1,…,6k=1,\dots,6 exactly once (the differences of {1,2,4}\{1,2,4\} form {1,…,6}\{1,\dots,6\} once each), summing to −1-1; so SSˉ=3−1=2S\bar S=3-1=2. Hence SS satisfies z2+z+2=0z^2+z+2=0, giving S=−1±i72S=\frac{-1\pm i\sqrt7}{2}; numerically S≈−0.5+1.3229iS\approx-0.5+1.3229i.
(A) True: Re⁡S=−12\operatorname{Re}S=-\frac12.
(B) False: ∣S∣2=2|S|^2=2, so ∣S∣=2|S|=\sqrt2, not 22.
(C) True: S2+S+2=0S^2+S+2=0.
(D) False: S3=2−S≠1S^3=2-S\ne1 (using S2=−S−2S^2=-S-2).
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