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JEE Advanced 2021 Paper 1 · Mathematics · Probability · medium

Three fair dice are rolled. Given that the sum of the three numbers is a multiple of 4, the probability that their product is divisible by 4 is p/q…

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Three fair dice are rolled. Given that the sum of the three numbers is a multiple of 44, the probability that their product is divisible by 44 is pq\dfrac pq in lowest terms. Then p+qp+q equals ____.
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Answer: 16

Count outcomes among the 63=2166^3=216 ordered triples. The sums that are multiples of 44 are 4,8,12,164,8,12,16. The number of ordered triples with these sums is 3+21+25+6=553+21+25+6=55 (for sum 44: permutations of (1,1,2)(1,1,2); for sum 88: 2121; for sum 1212: 2525; for sum 1616: 66). Among them, the triples whose product is divisible by 44 number 0+9+13+3=250+9+13+3=25 for the sums 4,8,12,164,8,12,16 respectively; the others have product either odd or twice an odd number. Hence the conditional probability is 2555=511\dfrac{25}{55}=\dfrac5{11}. Since gcd⁡(5,11)=1\gcd(5,11)=1, p+q=5+11=16p+q=5+11=16. A direct enumeration over all 216216 outcomes agrees with these counts.
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