PrepRung

JEE Advanced 2020 Paper 2 · Mathematics · Differential Equations · medium

Let y=y(x) be the solution of dy/dx+ytan x=sin 2x on (-(π)/(2),(π)/(2)) with y(0)=1. Find y ((π)/(4)).

Numerical answer

Let y=y(x)y=y(x) be the solution of dydx+ytan⁡x=sin⁡2x\dfrac{dy}{dx}+y\tan x=\sin 2x on (−π2,π2)\left(-\dfrac\pi2,\dfrac\pi2\right) with y(0)=1y(0)=1. Find y ⁣(π4)y\!\left(\dfrac\pi4\right). Give the answer correct to two decimal places.
Show answer and solution

Answer: 1.12

This is a linear equation with integrating factor e∫tan⁡x dx=sec⁡xe^{\int\tan x\,dx}=\sec x on the given interval. Multiplying through, ddx(ysec⁡x)=sin⁡2xsec⁡x=2sin⁡x\frac{d}{dx}(y\sec x)=\sin2x\sec x=2\sin x, because sin⁡2x=2sin⁡xcos⁡x\sin2x=2\sin x\cos x. Integrating gives ysec⁡x=−2cos⁡x+Cy\sec x=-2\cos x+C, so y=Ccos⁡x−2cos⁡2xy=C\cos x-2\cos^2x. The condition y(0)=1y(0)=1 gives C−2=1C-2=1, hence C=3C=3 and y=3cos⁡x−2cos⁡2xy=3\cos x-2\cos^2x. At x=π/4x=\pi/4, cos⁡x=12\cos x=\frac1{\sqrt2}, so y=32−2⋅12=32−1≈1.1213y=\frac3{\sqrt2}-2\cdot\frac12=\frac{3}{\sqrt2}-1\approx1.1213, i.e. 1.121.12. Substituting the solution back into the equation verifies it, and a symbolic ODE solver returns the same function. The most common error is a sign mistake in the integrating factor or forgetting that sin 2x carries a factor cos x that cancels the secant, which would leave a much harder integral. The final answer is rounded to two decimal places as the question requires.
Report a mistake

Original question written in the JEE Advanced 2020 Paper 2 pattern and checked twice for the correct answer. Not an official question paper. How we write and check questions · Corrections policy · Report a mistake