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JEE Advanced 2021 Paper 2 · Physics · Thermodynamics and Kinetic Theory of Gases · hard

An ideal monatomic gas (n moles) undergoes the cycle A→ B→ C→ A on a P-V diagram: A(P0,V0)→ B(2P0,V0) at constant volume, B→ C(2P0,2V0) at constant…

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An ideal monatomic gas (nn moles) undergoes the cycle A→B→C→AA\to B\to C\to A on a PP-VV diagram: A(P0,V0)→B(2P0,V0)A(P_0,V_0)\to B(2P_0,V_0) at constant volume, B→C(2P0,2V0)B\to C(2P_0,2V_0) at constant pressure, and C→AC\to A along a straight line. Which of the following is/are correct?
  1. A. The net work done by the gas in one cycle is 12P0V0\tfrac12 P_0V_0.
  2. B. The heat absorbed by the gas in one cycle is 6P0V06P_0V_0.
  3. C. Heat is absorbed by the gas during some part of the process C→AC\to A.
  4. D. The molar heat capacity of the gas along C→AC\to A is 3R3R.
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Answer: A

Net work is the enclosed area of the right triangle with vertical side P0P_0 and horizontal side V0V_0: W=12P0V0W=\tfrac12P_0V_0, so (A) is correct. For a monatomic gas U=32PVU=\tfrac32PV. On A→BA\to B: Q=ΔU=32P0V0Q=\Delta U=\tfrac32P_0V_0. On B→CB\to C: Q=52Δ(PV)=52(4−2)P0V0=5P0V0Q=\tfrac52\Delta(PV)=\tfrac52(4-2)P_0V_0=5P_0V_0. Heat absorbed per cycle is therefore 6.5P0V06.5P_0V_0, not 6P0V06P_0V_0, so (B) is wrong. The line C→AC\to A has P=P0V/V0P=P_0V/V_0, giving dQ=dU+PdV=4P0V dV/V0dQ=dU+PdV=4P_0V\,dV/V_0, which is negative for every dV<0dV<0: heat is rejected throughout, so (C) is wrong (total QCA=−6P0V0Q_{CA}=-6P_0V_0, consistent with Wnet=6.5−6W_{net}=6.5-6). Along this line nR dT=2P0V dV/V0nR\,dT=2P_0V\,dV/V_0, hence C=dQ/(n dT)=2RC=dQ/(n\,dT)=2R, not 3R3R, so (D) is wrong.
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