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JEE Advanced 2020 Paper 1 · Physics · Atoms, Nuclei and Dual Nature of Radiation · medium

A photon emitted when a He^+ ion de-excites from n=4 to n=2 falls on a metal surface of work function 4.0 eV. Take En=-13.6 Z^2/n^2 eV…

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A photon emitted when a He+\mathrm{He^{+}} ion de-excites from n=4n=4 to n=2n=2 falls on a metal surface of work function 4.0 eV4.0\ \mathrm{eV}. Take En=−13.6 Z2/n2 eVE_n=-13.6\,Z^2/n^2\ \mathrm{eV}, h=6.626×10−34 J sh=6.626\times10^{-34}\ \mathrm{J\,s}, me=9.11×10−31 kgm_e=9.11\times10^{-31}\ \mathrm{kg}, 1 eV=1.60×10−19 J1\ \mathrm{eV}=1.60\times10^{-19}\ \mathrm{J}. The de Broglie wavelength of the fastest emitted photoelectron is closest to
  1. A. 0.49 nm0.49\ \mathrm{nm}
  2. B. 0.38 nm0.38\ \mathrm{nm}
  3. C. 0.70 nm0.70\ \mathrm{nm}
  4. D. 0.25 nm0.25\ \mathrm{nm}
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Answer: (A) 0.49 nm0.49\ \mathrm{nm}

For He+\mathrm{He^+}, Z=2Z=2, so the photon energy is E=13.6×4(14−116)=10.2E=13.6\times4\left(\frac14-\frac1{16}\right)=10.2 eV. By the photoelectric equation the maximum kinetic energy is K=10.2−4.0=6.2K=10.2-4.0=6.2 eV. The momentum is p=2mK=2×9.11×10−31×6.2×1.6×10−19≈1.345×10−24 kg m s−1p=\sqrt{2mK}=\sqrt{2\times9.11\times10^{-31}\times6.2\times1.6\times10^{-19}}\approx1.345\times10^{-24}\ \mathrm{kg\,m\,s^{-1}} and λ=h/p≈0.49\lambda=h/p\approx0.49 nm (also λ≈1.227/6.2\lambda\approx1.227/\sqrt{6.2} nm). Using the full photon energy of 10.2 eV as the kinetic energy gives 0.380.38 nm, and using 3.13.1 eV gives 0.700.70 nm; forgetting the factor Z2Z^2 would give a photon energy below the work function and no emission at all. The wavelength follows from λ=h/2mK\lambda=h/\sqrt{2mK}, and only the maximum kinetic energy corresponds to the fastest electron, so deeper-lying electrons are slower and have longer wavelengths.
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