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JEE Advanced 2021 Paper 1 · Physics · Kinematics and Laws of Motion · medium

A smooth circular wire hoop of radius R is fixed so that it rotates with constant angular speed ω about its vertical diameter, with ω^2 = 2g/R. A…

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A smooth circular wire hoop of radius RR is fixed so that it rotates with constant angular speed ω\omega about its vertical diameter, with ω2=2g/R\omega^2 = 2g/R. A small bead of mass mm is threaded on the hoop and, after some time, is found at rest relative to the hoop at a point other than the lowest or highest point. The magnitude of the force exerted by the hoop on the bead is
  1. A. mgmg
  2. B. 2mg2mg
  3. C. 3 mg\sqrt{3}\,mg
  4. D. 3mg3mg
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Answer: (B) 2mg2mg

Let the bead sit at angle θ\theta from the lowest point. In the frame of the hoop it is in equilibrium under gravity, the centrifugal force mω2Rsin⁡θm\omega^2 R\sin\theta (horizontal, outward) and the hoop's reaction NN (along the radius, because the hoop is smooth and the bead is at rest relative to it, so there is no azimuthal component). Along the tangent: mgsin⁡θ=mω2Rsin⁡θcos⁡θmg\sin\theta = m\omega^2R\sin\theta\cos\theta, so cos⁡θ=g/(ω2R)=1/2\cos\theta = g/(\omega^2 R) = 1/2 and θ=60∘\theta = 60^\circ (the other root sin⁡θ=0\sin\theta=0 is excluded). Along the radius, towards the centre: N=mgcos⁡θ+mω2Rsin⁡2θ=mg⋅12+m⋅2gR⋅R⋅34=2mgN = mg\cos\theta + m\omega^2R\sin^2\theta = mg\cdot\tfrac12 + m\cdot\tfrac{2g}{R}\cdot R\cdot\tfrac34 = 2mg. In general N=mg/cos⁡θN = mg/\cos\theta. Option (A) results from N=mgN=mg ignoring rotation, and (C), (D) from mis-resolving the centrifugal term. Hence N=2mgN = 2mg.
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