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JEE Main 2018 · Chemistry · Periodic Properties · easy

Which of the elements Na, Mg, Al and Si has the highest second ionisation enthalpy?

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Which of the elements Na, Mg, Al and Si has the highest second ionisation enthalpy?
  1. A. Na
  2. B. Mg
  3. C. Al
  4. D. Si
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Answer: (A) Na

After losing the first electron, Na+\mathrm{Na^+} has the stable neon configuration 2s22p62s^22p^6; removing a second electron means breaking into a filled inner shell with high effective nuclear charge, costing about 4560 kJ mol−14560\ \mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}}. For Mg, Al and Si the second electron comes from the outer shell of the M+\mathrm{M^+} ion (≈1450\approx1450, 18201820, 1580 kJ mol−11580\ \mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}} respectively). So Na has by far the largest IE2_2.
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